were specialists have found that he an ongoing inflammation of the left metacarpal, left Arms, of the left elbow in and cervical has suffered arthritis: agonies of a phenomenal cellist who eight years ago, discovered the instrument in itself and it now no longer allowed out of his hand. When not composing. And if he did not travel, as so often at a young age because his birth city of Lucca a distinguished musician had to offer not too much. Boccherini became a traveling virtuoso and was celebrated in Vienna, Florence, Genoa and Paris. His tone is incomparable, were his contemporaries, his high mastery of perfect expression and touching as any song. Actually, it could forever continue. Boccherini but decided against the brilliant and arduous nomadic life and for a fixed positions in a city which at that time - was anything but a music capital - measured at Vienna, Mannheim, London and Paris: he moved to Madrid. That was 1768th After all, he chose the principal address at the site, namely the English royal court: Boccherini bread man was Don Luis, Infante of Spain, an obviously very sympathetic younger king's brother, who of Natural History, rare coins, exotic birds, especially for music and interest paid his Compositore e virtuoso di camera a handsome salary for an equally impressive number of compositions. Boccherini was as productive as possible, all plants were almost no time delay and usually published in Paris. There were trios, quartets, symphonies, and especially string quintets
- the greatest musical achievement and very own creation Boccherini, which he probably shortly after taking office called for very practical reasons to life: A string quartet formation was present and was accompanied by another cellist . One of the cello part was very virtuous and very high - which played Boccherini. At the 140 works for this particular occupation, he has written and is the undisputed king of the genre string quintet. Just below the first compositions, that is with the minuet, a good 100 years later with a clever publisher admirable safely handle all the available stations fished and threw it on the market. It is, and not even wrong to simply become the epitome of Boccherini: charming, graceful, elegant - and therefore the perfect cover for thugs as lovable Alec Guinness and his cronies in the movie Lady Killers . Don Luis lived primarily in
Aranjuez, a royal residence town south of Madrid, and in retrospect may be filled with sadness at Boccherini have remembered the good days there. Aranjuez was indeed far from being an outpost of the avant-garde music, but far more lively and attractive than the remote mountain village Arenas, where Don Luis was then banned because of a mismatched love match. And where Boccherini followed him, for whatever reason - he was only 33 and had had other opportunities. had sent Haydn, Boccherini an admirer of the full letter, asked in vain to find this exact Arenas actually lies: "There must be close to Madrid" (in fact it is located 150 kilometers west of it). This Haydn lived on Esterháza in scarcely less seclusion, but at least the magnificent castle drew droves of visitors with its ostentatious luxury. That could not be said of the country estate in Arenas. , And perhaps the most unpretentious and gentle Boccherini only welcome, they lived with loosened Etiquette: Guests were rare, the royal court far from the great freedom. Boccherini composed for the musicians who were available - mostly chamber music, perhaps one of the few cello concertos. And of course you could also maintain from Arcadian loneliness contacts in the world: Boccherini wrote to the Viennese publishing house Artaria (with success), the notoriously lazy about writing Haydn (therefore without success), and he sent the Prussian Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm , a passionate cellist, his own compositions. "I dare to hope," rumored fly from Berlin, "that I need further know works from your hand will. " The hope was more than justified, and Don Luis promptly increased the salary of his compositor, to prevent a possible brain drain. Don Luis in 1785, after almost ten years in Arenas, died, returned to Madrid Boccherini. It began unusually arduous years, although the English king supported him financially and his counterpart in the very distant Prussia still remained a generous and grateful recipients of his compositions. Negotiations with Ignaz Pleyel , who had established himself as a publisher in Paris, were also not entirely satisfactory, Boccherini, upright man who, little money for countless works of Pleyel left, while this in turn created by a very generous arrangement and selection of a shambles in the Opus counting, that was only thanks to clear stubborn spirit of research. But of course, were published by Pleyel collecting prints a blessing: From Paris, they went into the world. In Boccherini's biography, there are some gaps. We knew more, if not lost in the turmoil of the English Civil War, the private archives of the family would be gone Boccherini. Which had until then (1936) investigated, no one at that time because the science was still busy with the legacy of the heroes. Boccherini died in May 1804th As Beethoven had already written his first three symphonies.
Luigi Boccherini played the Chello. Unknown artist, ca 1764-1767, National Gallery of Victoria
references of this kind are close, but they are fatal for Boccherini, at least if his music is measured by the standards of European classical music. One of their main features, the intense motivic work, made him interested, despite the greatest admiration for Haydn, never to the same extent. Even a contemporary of Boccherini's brought the difference between the two to the point: Haydn had the "pleasure of the mind" responsible, Boccherini for the "emotion of the heart." Another quip was that Boccherini was musically something like "Haydn's wife": because of its pleasant, elegant and lyrical style, but lacked the decisive issue a direction (to question why the latter should be typical female would lead us too far). In fact, conceptual Boccherini music less as a spiritual adventure, because as an expression of art, important as the development potential of a topic he was its emotional content. Therefore, he lined up several issues dear to each other or a single repeated in different keys and lush ornamentation than to break it down into its component parts. Boccherini string came from the Italian tradition and its flavor was different, and his priorities lay elsewhere than that of its German and Austrian counterparts. But innovatively was he, too, particularly in its proper domain, the Chamber Music: Boccherini was simultaneously detected with Haydn's String Quartet and the Quintet so, he has developed in both genres is a very personal language, and he has, thanks to in-depth knowledge, and finally the cello virtuoso out in fields. That he should be finally forced by Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven out of bounds and on the popularity scale lag far behind, he has not seen his fortune. It was also unfair, somehow. Source:
Dorothea Diekmann: Forum - Program Issues - Cellissimo, program No. 19 zum 29.10.2004
der Berliner Philharmoniker
Luigi Boccherini (1743-1805)
Quintette für Gitarre und Streicher
Quintet No. 2 E-Dur G.446
01, 1 . Majestic much [05:34]
02, 2. Adagio - Allegro [04:01]
03, 3. Polish. Minuet time [05:47]
Quintet No. 4 D-Dur
G.448 "Fandango"
04, 1. Pastorale [4:34]
05, 2. Allegro [05:06]
06, 3. Very serious - Fandango [07:33]
Quintet No. 6 G-Dur G. 450
07, 1. Allegro briskly [06:05]
08, 2. Andantino slow [03:07]
09, 3. Minuet time [04:34]
10, 4. Allegretto [03:48]
Quintett No. 9 C-Dur G. 453
"The Retreat of Madrid"
11, 1. Allegro much [11:02]
12, 2. Andantino [4:08]
13, 3. Allegretto [05:24]
14, 4. "The Retreat of Madrid" [06:55]
Gesamtspielzeit: [77:46]
Pepe Romero, Gitarre
Academy of St Martin in the Fields' Chamber Ensemble Iona Brown / Malcolm Latchem, violin
Stephen Shingles, viola
Vigay Denis, cello
Tristan Fry, Sistrum and castanets (04) - (06)
(P): (01) - (03) 1981 - (04 ) - (06) 1979 - (07) - (10) 1980
(11) - (14) 1979
Diego Velázquez, The Spinners, around 1657 or 1646, Museo del Prado, Madrid
The resulting in Velázquez last years picture
Las Hilanderas " (The Spinners) has attracted for its scenic brilliance and his unexplained iconography attention. So far it is the art historians failed to explain convincingly what the spinning women in the foreground connects with the seemingly unreal stage scene in the background. In the 19th Century, the image has been assessed in the context of contemporary impressionism, as a realistic portrayal of the working world, reacted magnificently picturesque, to Impressionist and standards for the historic of chiaroscuro.
1945, found an entry in the inventory of the former owner, who described the image as a mythological representation of the punishment
Arachne. The key to the image interpretation is now the carpet is shown on the Rape of Europa
. This scene was the Subject that had chosen the young weaver Arachne, as they in a contest with the Olympic goddess Pallas Athene , inventor of weaving, they wanted to excel in their weaving. Velázquez cited here a picture of Titian, which was then in the Royal Palace in Madrid: Zeus, who transformed as a bull, woos Europe, which he coveted. When they took confidence to tame the bull, abducted them. Arachne in her woven carpet shows not only their high craftsmanship, but also refers to immoral behavior of the god. In revenge, she is transformed by Athena into a spider.
Titian, The Rape of Europe, around 1560, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston
Pallas Athena is in the background with helmet and sword here, but in the opinion of the commentator in the foreground, as an old woman in disguise, which, however - is betrayed by her youthful legs - clearly visible. Accordingly, Ariadne is the spinner in the white blouse that turns the viewer back. Velázquez had in his library, a English translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses
, in its sixth Book is told the story of Arachne. That and to the identification of the carpet with the Titian picture is based, image interpretation. And yet they can not be persuaded. Too many questions remain unanswered: Why Arachne is shown at the yarn spinners, and not in weaving? Why are their punishment is not shown? If the carpet is really the rape of Europe? Who are the companions of the Pallas Athene? Why they are contemporary and not dressed antique? Can the Viola da Gamba close to a personification of music? And what does the conspicuously placed ladder?
More Comments on "Las Hilanderas"
here
and here.
information about the CD
CD ordered from Bravado
CD Info & Scans (tracklist, cover, booklet, samples, Bonus Pictures), 26 MB
Read the file "Download links.txt" for links to the Ape + Cue + Log Files
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